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Schleiermacher’s Lessons on the Dialectic are a product of the transformation of a project on early romanticism undertaken initially by Friedrich Schlegel. It is sketched out gradually in Schleiermacher’s writings and lessons from 1803 right up to 1811 when the Dialectic appeared, as if from nowhere. We show that, in discussion with Kant and Fichte, but also stimulated by Plato and Spinoza, Schleiermacher proposes his own new foundation for philosophy, which in many respects brings him close to Hegel, yet at the same time sets the two in opposition.