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Wittgenstein developed an anthropology that shares Blumenberg’s care for description and his will to understand some forms of thought and action that a narrow rationalism would depict as “primitive” or “absurd.” But in Wittgenstein’s work, this approach is linked with a critical point of view on the Enlightenment and with a deep cultural pessimism, which can be compared with Spengler’s views, whereas Blumenberg tried to defend the “legitimacy of the modern age.”