8

Historians of economic thought and economists have described today’s economic worldview and the contemporary economics that is supposed to put it into scientific terms as the outcome of a double process: the growth of European rational thinking and the modernization/secularization of premodern (that is, “medieval”) economic thought. The growth of Western economic rationality has been imagined and represented as overcoming medieval and early modern economics from many different perspectives. It is possible, however, to suggest another interpretation of European economic languages and the history of Western “economic thinking” between the Middle Ages and modernity, that is, from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. This alternative perspective sees the shaping of some aspects of modern economics (and of Western economic modernization) as a result of the absorption and systematic implementation of linguistic/political elements transmitted from premodern to modern times as metaphors, images, and allegories representing economic development or stagnation, economic asymmetries, and social disparities as if they were an organic equilibrium based in the order of nature and providence. This metaphoric system of economic notions, originally embedded in a theological conceptual syntax, was translated into a language that simultaneously converted economic metaphors into economic laws and concealed their explicit historical and political meaning. The premodern economic imaginary could then be reactivated in the form of a rhetoric representing economic asymmetries as the natural and necessary byproduct of a rationally verifiable economic order.