3

This article aims to show how, like other established professions, the medical profession was criticized by its members in the wake of 1968 and how it was consequently transformed by this criticism. Based on the study of archives and interviews carried out on alternative medical movements, unions and activist groups that seize upon occupational health issues at the end of the 1960s and 1970s, the article shows how the reinvention of the 'occupational doctor’s' profession that characterizes these movements, questions the profession’s traditional hierarchies through the criticism of medical specialization and the politicization deemed necessary to health issues. By studying the frameworks of these movements inspired by Sartre and Foucault, the social trajectories of engaged practitioners and the situations in which they intervene with workers, the articles analyses how and why, among the most devalued segments of the medical profession, general and occupational practitioners are active in these movements. Ultimately, while remaining relatively marginal, the politicization of professional practices characterizing these movements has left a lasting impact on the sphere of social medicine, especially through the emergence of new unions.