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Since the beginning of the 1980s, "good governance" has become the main benchmark for multilateral development organisations, and in particular with regard to HIV prevention programmes. This concept is defended by many in these organisations on the grounds that it fits well with a new ethical approach to development in Southern countries. Following a case study on the promotion of "good governance" for HIV prevention carried out in post-Soviet Central Asia and Transcaucasia, we can offer several recommendations for a critical review of this new approach towards the development of so-called universalising ethics.