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In Mongolia, after seventy years passed under Russian supervision, the end of the collectivism and the privatization of livestock have caused a degradation of herders’ level of life. After forsaking pastoralist’s sector during one decade, the Mongolian authorities have recently been aware that nomadic pastoralism is the best way to exploit the immense dry regions of Mongolia. Now, the government wants to upgrade the meat and the dairy products from nomadic pastoralism. Knowing that the pastoralism represent a model case of ecological production, Mongolian State expects to adjust its products to international standards and to obtain an organic certification for export. We analyse in this paper the governmental projects for the promotion of these products and we underline the consequences of this sudden change of consideration for pastoralism on the behaviour of the herders and on the biodiversity in Mongolia.