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Oases are situated in arid or semi-arid areas, and plant and animal life cannot grow without water and without human intervention. Water management draws upon know-how, techniques and practices, which ensure the proper working of the irrigation system and are a key element in the cultural heritage of the oasis. Sustainable preservation of this heritage is only possible if communities are capable of adapting their irrigation practices to the environmental, temporal or structural changes affecting the oasis. This article presents the traditional know-how, techniques and practices linked to irrigation system, as well as management data necessary for such a system to function properly. The control of water management information is a power issue. We shall see how the proper knowledge and the sharing of it may ensure the sustainable preservation of know-how, techniques and practices.