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In Burundi, childbirth-related healthcare, including caesarean, is fully subsidized since June 2006. However, almost 40% of women from rural areas still give birth at home, according to the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The objective of this study is to identify the factors associated with this health-related behavior, in the context of free healthcare provision. The data used are from the 2010 DHS and from semi-structured interviews conducted in 2011. Results show that the standard of living of the household is an important determinant for giving birth at home. Low financial and decisional autonomy of the woman and preference for traditional birth attendants are also reasons for giving birth at home, in the context of rural Burundi.