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This article aims to propose a reflection on the various contradictions raised by the fighting experience of women who participated in the counter subversive struggle against led by peasant militias formed in the Andean communities during the armed conflict that marked Peru between 1980 and 2000. Based on a field survey conducted in Ayacucho in 2007, it briefly mentions first the role played by these militias groups during the conflict and founds that women have contributed greatly to the fight against subversive by fulfilling specific tasks and responsibilities. Secondly, it shows that this female contribution was widely dismissed within the stories highlighting the heroic resistance of Andean communities to the guerrillas. Nevertheless, women experienced during the conflict with new forms of collective action that will enable them to gain some public recognition in the post-conflict transition, however limited to the victim status.