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Starting with the debate between descriptive and substantial representation on the one hand, and with the feminist analysis of citizenship on the other, this contribution analyses the impact of members of parliament (MPs) on the development of women’s social citizenship. In this context, the Parliament constitutes an arena of choice for women, within which they can exercise their own citizenship at a high level. At the same time, the political mandate represents an exceptional structure of opportunity for renewing social gender norms and relations. Consequently, we will attempt, through an analysis of the nominative votes of the Swiss Lower Chamber, to test the impact MPs’ gender on the bills that regulate gender relations.