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Drawing on psychoanalysis and their clinical experience, the authors explore the various values attributed to observation, especially in projective situations. If observation structures every clinical setting (including psychoanalysis, face to face sessions, psychological evaluation) in a somewhat unique way, the authors hypothesize that it can constitute both an essential and a highly conflictual dimension of projective situations.Defined by the attraction of the scopic drive for an enigmatic third object, the projective situation is studied from three different and complementary points of view : the spatial frame imposing a mirror effect in front of a third object, the conceptual framework regulating perception and projection and finally the framework of relationships that places both protagonists in a transference and counter-transference dynamic.