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The Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3) and Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) were completed by 49 women and 56 men with a substance use disorder as defined by DSM-IV-TR. For 84.8 % of subjects, the main substance was alcohol, either alone (73.3 %) or in combination with other products. Their average age was 45.5 years, ranging from 21 to 64 years. For the YSQ-S3, there was an over-activation of five Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in the sample : Emotional Deprivation, Abandonment/Instability, Self-sacrifice, Negativity/Pessimism, and Unrelenting Standards. For the TCI-R, an overweighting in the Harm Avoidance ratings and an underweighting in the Self-Directedness ratings were observed. On the other hand, linear regressions show that low Self-Directedness as measured by the TCI-R occurs in the explanation of a wide range of EMS. To a lesser degree, Harm Avoidance is also a significant explanator of EMS. Moreover, the TCI-R response profile seems unable to predict a particular response profile for the YSQ-S3.