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This text attempts to demonstrate the permanent link that exists in François Simiand’s thinking between, on one hand, the theory of long cycles and, on the other hand, his monetary conception. The main focus is to see how his monetary conception constitutes the root of his economic theory. Indeed, it is the bedrock of his economic typology, the factor that boosts economic progress, because it constitutes a total social fact. To this end, we could also narrow the link between the actions of human beings and currency. These will be compared in order to evidence the theoretical link that exists between monetary conception, the theory of long cycles, and the conception of human beings. JEL classification : B20