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Concerning social justice, Hayek and Sen use methods which are unexpectedly close enough, when compared to Rawlsian contractualism [Gamel, 2013]. They also exploit classical “markers” of the liberal thought (Adam Smith’s works, the role of the market, the recourse to the law), but they make of them various and even opposed uses. This second paradox leads to questioning the pragmatism of their respective approaches (“evolutionist” according to the former and “comparative” according to the latter), which provides Rawls’ non pragmatic “contractualism” with an a contrario argument. That non pragmatic approach is the philosophical basis of an “economics of liberal egalitarianism”.JEL: A12, B41, D63