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Brain-computer interfaces are neurotechnologies that can decipher a person’s intentions and translate them into commands relayed to a computer. Although they were initially developed for therapeutic or medical purposes, they have also opened the door to the enhancement of human intellectual and cognitive abilities sought by the proponents of the transhumanist movement. These new technologies represent a major challenge to our law, which will not only have to adapt to counter the risks of intrusion, discrimination and alienation that they bring with them, but could also see its very foundations overturned, so likely are they to blur the distinction between people and things and call into question our systems for protecting the human body.