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In this text, Élisabeth Roudinesco comments on a letter written by Freud in 1930 and published in German and French for the first time in a translation by Jacques Le Rider. Freud gives his views on Zionism and while demonstrating his solidarity toward fellow Jews settled in Palestine, he expresses many misgivings on the possibility of a Jewish state being created in this region of the world. Indeed, he fears that this would lead one day to a fratricidal struggle between Jews and Arabs on sovereignty over the holy places. He also refuses to support the Keren Hayesod , arguing that while he does not deny his Jewishness, he rejects all religion, including Judaism.