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As a complement to the current human and social sciences, it is necessary, with the help of the psychoanalytic method, to create human and social sciences that are critical in the sense of offering in-depth analysis (history, anthropology, law, etc.). This article seeks to show that this attempt is both possible and has already begun. Addressing a series of concepts: the prohibition of incest, sacred, civil, gift, sacrifice, authority, alterity, recognition, recipro­city, and identity; the author, drawing on Freud’s theory of drives, connects these concepts with power, will, desire, and free will, notwithstanding the distance between them. The processes and states of legitimization employed by non-critical sociology and classical anthropology, without however defining them closely, within a perspective that often remains more or less positivist, are thereby rendered visible.