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Ten years after Nathalie Zaltzman’s death, I am returning to her book L’Esprit du mal with the idea that the questions that she raises in it are increasingly pertinent for better understanding our own epoch. I propose to consider the Holocaust as a magnifying glass held up in front of the human order, thereby revealing the process of dehumanization. My aim is to gain a better understanding of the contemporary world by envisaging the aporetic tasks of Kulturarbeit assigned to us by its living heritage.