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The “open science” project, which is based on collaboration and information-sharing tools, seeks to transform the way in which academic publishing has worked since the seventeenth century. This article studies the movement using the concepts of the “manuscript” and “documentary” economies and considers how public and private institutions are showing their power to resist this movement by adapting to new forms of communication such as blogs and data journals. Changing power relations in science is not simply down to innovation in communication, but is truly a political project.