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This paper approaches the question of intangible cultural heritage by looking at the related cultural mediation or cultural education processes it calls for. Drawing on interviews and document analysis related to two cultural heritage inventory projects designed to document the heritage-in-making, this paper explores these mediation processes through the lens of the document, questioning the logics behind its conception and representations throughout these projects. The paper sheds light on a fundamental ambiguity toward the document, when its production is strongly encouraged by heritage institutions but also subject to controversy. By focusing on the particular relationship to the document, this paper highlights and defines the specific nature and scenarios of the intangible heritage cultural mediation processes.