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The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) and to validate it to the French population. Two successive studies have been carried out on a total of 1,637 mothers recruited in maternity hospitals and on online parenting forums. We studied the factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, sensitivity, specificity, the convergent validity with symptoms of depression (EPDS) and trait-anxiety (STAI-Y-A), as well as the bonding scores assessed with the MIBS scale. The original four-factors structure was not found. The French version has a new one-factor structure composed of 22 items. The analyses showed satisfactory psychometric properties. The PBQ appears to be a valid and reliable tool to detect early disorders of the mother-child bond in the French population.