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The orthodoxy that the assassination of Concini was a liberating gesture for France has its origin in a discourse justifying the murder, a discourse that later became a part of France’s historical memory. The chronological sequence of official versions of events (by the king and later the Parlement) or simply the authorized versions (made by the princes) that justified the act offered an explanation (lèse-majesté, high treason, foreignness) that resulted in a xenophobic interpretation central to the justification offered by the Parlement of Paris. This interpretation was also key to the justifications offered later by the princes, set out on a poster entitled Histoire véritable, which can be attributed to Jan Ziarnko, a remarkably effective tool for transposing xenophobia from a local level to the level of the kingdom.