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Business incubators are neither shelters nor magic boxes. They are practical tools that enable different types of promoters to create micro-environments at the service of start-ups: local authorities, major corporations and universities have all adopted them in turn. Having emerged 20 years ago, academic and scientific incubators now have the wind in their sails and the active support of public authorities. But - many are called and few are chosen - there are certain conditions to the success of their mission.