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The author considers postnatal depression of the mother as an emergency situation which has to be taken into consideration rapidly and deserves immediate cares. Interactive disorders described as a” mother- baby” dysfunction spiral, are precociously detectable, virtually before the installation of the postnatal depression. The father’s role is mentioned. By changing the interactive dysfunctions on both sides, parents’ and infants’, the early treatment (parent-infant psychotherapy) demonstrates its global effectiveness. In the conclusion, the usefulness and the efficiency of an even earlier prevention, during the pre-partum, is underlined.