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In this didactic text, the author presents, from a psychoanalytical perspective, the modalities of defensive settings (phobia, obsessional control, hysteric conversion) which are a sign of the libidinal conflicts (unsatisfied instinctual impulse) at the origin of anxiety : anxiety appears indeed facing the impossibility of imposing a conflict’s representation. From archaic fears (annihilation anxiety, foreigner anxiety) to the fear of castration (Oedipus complex), the author introduces us to their appearances during the development : if the symbolic failures to respond (socially, culturally or educationally) are promoted to explain anxiety, the author insists on the internal dimension of the underlying conflict. Some classical motives for therapeutic consultations in child psychological trouble illustrate her thesis.