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The author of this paper discusses adoption in Brazil based on her experience as an expert psychologist to the Court of Justice in São Paulo. She describes the process of national and international adoption, as well as challenges and difficulties of this process. Statistics about children and adolescents available for adoption and prospective adoptive families are also given. The assessment during the adoption process is also discussed, from the evaluation of applicant families to children’s and adolescents’ preparation, the period of familiarization at the children’s shelter, the adjustment stage, and the national and international post-adoption period. The paper concludes that the benefits of adoption outweigh the obstacles since today there is a better mastery of knowledge in the field of adoption, better management of difficult situations, and more transdisciplinary work between the social services network and the judiciary system.