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In mammals, there exist males and females which are recognizable by their genital organs. It is a binary system. A human being, for his part, possesses reflexive consciousness. He thinks about himself and by means of the self--representations that he forms, he gains access to an experience of identity. During this process, the binary boundaries of the body can be effaced. With regard to sociological, anthropological and philosophical evolutions concerning questions of gender, there is no longer a legitimate theory today, in our Western society, which can account for the process of the development of identity, for the links between the biological realities and boundaries of the sexual body and gender experiences. According to these new perspectives, there is an important separation between the task of identity affirmation which is permeated by notions of sex and gender, and the discovery of sexual desire and practices of sexuality. It is indispensable to tackle these questions without ideological a priori and to gather all the statements of the persons concerned in order to develop with them the strategies that are most adapted to their well-being and their fulfilment at all ages of life.