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The society of communication, a topic that has exploded onto the scene, conceals a number of crucial analytical points, and especially its relationship with the school agenda. This is the basis for this special report on some contentious or obscure points, four of them in particular: a critical analysis of the idea of knowledge in a knowledge society; the challenges faced by the school system because of information and communication technologies (ICT); the relationship between school knowledge, or degrees, and professional integration; and finally, the opportunities and the limitations of actively pursuing a policy of continuing education to reform the welfare state.