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The principle of secularism partakes mainly of philosophical, historical and political debates. But the idea, developed by Rousseau and taken up by the French Revolution, of a social contract of a secular State guaranteed by the cult of the Supreme Being, takes root, amongst others, through its reformed reception in the reflection of the first Christian theologians on the life of the church. This article agrees to show the origin of secularism in the critical reflection of the authors of the New Testament. The argument relies on a reading of the political demonstration that Paul addresses to the Corinthians (1 Cor 12) and on the reflection in Matthew’s Gospel on the communitarian identity and discipline of the church.