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The elimination of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV infection is one approach for reducing the impact of HIV, especially on children. In Cameroon, a protocol defines the trajectory of pregnant women within public health facilities before and after screening for HIV. In practice, this protocol is implemented through inscriptions on various types of support devices. The health record is one of them. Our paper shows that this health record which is supposed to help preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, paradoxically contributes to the re-emergence of that risk.