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The interwar period was pivotal for the development of social science research in the United States. Unlike other fields, this one appears to have been relatively tolerant toward women. The Social Science Research Council (SSRC), an organization established in 1923 to promote social science research, offered postdoctoral fellowships to women, who were even fairly well-represented among the recipients. This article examines the prospects for women to pursue a career in social science research based on the trajectories of SSRC fellows between 1925 and 1934. Even though these women were given genuine opportunities, they were nevertheless confronted with gender barriers that significantly restricted and constrained their life paths and career progression.