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Assessment practices: What role for the competency-based approach in certification? This question is examined drawing on direct observations of the assessment practices used by company professionals to issue Ministry of Labor vocational qualifications. These professionals have a established conception of tasks that is compatible with the notion of competency contained in the standard frameworks of the qualifications. Nevertheless, the singularity of school-situated assessment compared to work situations in companies leads them to play down the ideas of performance and results. Consequently, when assessing candidates, professionals look at other aspects (technical understanding of the exercises, approaches, etc.). In so doing, they bring the question of knowledge (back) to the fore.