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Children who are said to have ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are not individuals with a neurological deficit who require a neurological improvement. They are children with a history. This history has led them to protect themselves from sustained attention to the world that surrounds them. Why? A multidisciplinary approach is, in this sense, critical to the care of children who have often been diagnosed and treated too quickly. Psychoanalytic therapy offers them—and their families—the opportunity to work out the conflict that led them to no longer want to maintain a connection with others by means of concentration and attention. What is at stake here is important: there is a risk of turning children into robots or scientific guinea pigs at a time when nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and the cognitive sciences have infiltrated medicine and nourished the fantasy of a transhumanism, which aims to eradicate whatever reminds man of his simple, fallible, mortal condition. Children in this project are thus to be continuously chemically enhanced, and it is forgotten that they are primarily desiring subjects who are shaped by an environment to which they psychically react.