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Inactive since August 1914, the Second International experienced centrifugal forces. The Scandinavian parties established themselves as the leaders of the socialists of the neutral countries and developed strategies for the reunification of the International, with a view to accelerating world peace. Following the Russian Revolution of February 1917, Stockholm became the centre of multilateral consultations supposed to lead to a socialist peace program, a middle way between the “imperialist peace” of the Entente and the “revolutionary peace” of Zimmerwald. However, the Scandinavians failed in their tutelary role, finally revealing dissensions on questions of capital importance: the future of Alsace-Lorraine and Schleswig, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the openings to the SPD and Wilsonism.