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Pius XII, who was elected in March 1939, was genuinely sympathetic to the monarchy, without supporting the monarchy. Thanks to the Vatican archives now accessible for his pontificate, we discover on the one hand the springs of the lifting of the condemnation of the French Action, motivated by the will to unite the conservative French in the fight against Bolshevism, then on the other hand the hope maintained, during the Second World War and until 1946, of a survival of the Italian monarchy, but without the Pope associating the Holy See with the fate of the pending regime.