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It seems that the rise of Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), son of King Salman of Saudi Arabia, signifies a “paradigm shift” in the country’s politics. Its first phase consisted in eliminating any opposition. Then there followed measures aimed at modernizing the country, including in the religious domain. The objective has been to free up the economy and attract foreign investment at a time when the flow of wealth from oil is decreasing. However, the prince’s authoritarianism risks creating new difficulties in the long term.