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Preserving the independence of elderly people is a critical public health issue given our aging population. Prevention actions are effective at any age; it is never too late. It is in this mindset that, in France, sheltered housing ( logement-foyer) has been renamed independent housing (résidence autonomie) (decree of May 27, 2016). But how does one convince people living in independent housing, as well as professionals, that simple preventive actions are effective even with advancing age? And what activities should be preferred? This article presents the main results of the national Résidence Autonomie survey carried out by Anesm (National Agency for the Evaluation and Quality of Social and Medico-Social Institutions and Services) in 2017. The survey was carried out in complementarity with the survey conducted by Santé publique France (2016). Resident profiles and proposed activities are analyzed. Based on this inventory, Anesm has developed recommendations of good professional practice that contribute to residents’ quality of life and the preservation of their autonomy.