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When one uses a Realpolitik approach, NATO’s “transformation” after the World War could constitute an aberration, and a certain number of commentaries in France reflect that idea. According to the neorealist school of thought, the formation of alliances is supposedly only a snapshot of the balance of power. On the contrary, when applied to NATO the geopolitical method reveals itself to be fecund and provides a deeper interpretation. This political-military alliance is meant to last and sums up heritage and memoirs that require historical research distinguishing different time scales. NATO’s enlargement on the geographical and functional sides cannot only be explained by the dynamic of “revolution of military affairs” and, in a broader view, the progress in armaments technologies. The process of NATO’s “transformation” send us back to geopolitical situations and representations that must be assessed according to different measures and scales of analysis.