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In a one billion plus country where 50 % of the jobs are still related to farming and forests, the geopolitics of agriculture is sensitive at many levels. In India itself, classic conflicts between States on water sharing of rivers are still lingering, for the issue is vital to irrigation. While the Maoist guerrilla of the Naxalites is still active in the « red corridor » of Central India, new localised conflicts oppose local peasant or tribal communities to industries or mining companies eager to take over their land without adequate compensations. Water sharing issues and the « hydropolitics » of transnational rivers affect as well the relationship between India and its neighbours: Pakistan first of all, but also Nepal, Bangladesh and China. At the multilateral level, India has been able to block the WTO Doha cycle, before getting satisfaction on the issue of its subsidised massive food stocks. Proindustry and pro-agrobusiness, the new government of Narendra Modi is redefining the policies related to agriculture, forests and environment at the risk of eventually generating new conflicts.