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More than ever, the sea remains a major geopolitical and geostrategic stake as much in strategic terms as in ecological or economic ones. For this new issue, Hérodote chose to focus on the big national navies and their objectives on the one hand, and on a major risk – in its early stages, at least for other forms than piracy – on the other hand: the maritime terrorism. The geopolitical situations at this beginning of the 21st century push big States to equip themselves with powerful navies like China, Russia and India, all for whom they became essential tools to exercise their strategy of power.Seas and oceans having become strategic and economic stakes with the maritimization of transport, it is logical that they also became the targets of terrorist attacks, especially in straits and littorals where state struggle maintain security. Maritime terrorism has a long history with piracy and has still even larger perspectives of development.