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Vladimir Putin handles geopolitical representations which portray « Russia-Eurasia » as an archetypal continental power involved in a confrontation with the Western maritime and trading powers. Briefly, the “new cold war” would renew the major conflict between the Heartland and the Sea Power, in accordance with Mahan’s and Mackinder’s geopolitical theories. In the first place, this system of thoughts gives little consideration to the open wide ocean in the design and the conduct of Russia’s grand strategy. The main stable would be to build a “Eurasian Fortress”. However, the anti-access and aerial denial strategies (A2/ AD) in the Baltic Sea and Black Sea should not hide Putin’s will to project power and influence beyond the seas around Russia, in the “blue waters” (the high seas). Thus, the naval component of Russia’s grand strategy highlights the neo-Soviet dimension of Putin’s geopolitical conceptions and practices.