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On the 23rd of June 2016, the Brexit caused a shock in Europe. According to some analyses, the departure of the United Kingdom would open up the possibility of a new step for the European Union Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). Paris and Berlin could form a core group and shape a political and military Europe. This theory should be questioned. The long-standing opposition of the United Kingdom to a European Defense that might challenge NATO must not hide contradictions and conflicts among the other EU member states. In many ways, Atlanticism still constitutes the essential reference point. Surely, the uncertainties linked to the election of Donald Trump (an « American Brexit » ?) incite to a bigger joint military effort but the project for European defense is undermined by what the theory of public goods puts into evidence : without a hegemonic actor, a collective purpose does not always means a collective action. In short term, the goal is to develop a Europe with military capabilities rather than a European defense. This would also strengthen the negotiating power of the European allies in the transatlantic relationship.