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In February 2018, the serious military incidents that occurred in the southeastern part of Syria and in the area of the Golan Heights strengthened a common perception : after decades of indirect and contained rivalry, the Jewish State and the Islamic Republic of Iran were seriously approaching a state-to-state war. Yet, painstakingly observing the nature and the reality of their antagonism, on the one hand since the advent of Khomeini’s regime in Teheran in 1979, and, on the other hand regarding the best interests of the two powers in the Middle East – including confronted to their own public opinion –, their genuine will to go to war can reasonably be questioned. Besides, even mutual perceptions of public opinions, both Israeli and Iranian, do not reflect a deep-seated hostility in a “permanency of time” in Braudel’s terms ; quite the contrary. Conversely, they both perceive the Arab world as an adversary, if not... a common one.