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The emergence of political groups claiming political autonomy and then independence for Kabylia is a phenomenon that is changing the situation in the region and prompting reflection on the very model of governance of the country. This evolution also conditions the debate on Kabylia’s participation in Hirak as well as in the recent initiatives for the revival of the popular movement to put an end to the regime.Is an alliance between the Kabyle autonomist discourse and the aspirations of the democratic camp to face the conservative neo-Islamist current possible, or are we moving more towards a military/Islamist collusion to counter the aspirations for a participatory and secular democracy in which Islam as the state religion would disappear? The success or failure of Hirak seems inevitably to involve the overcoming of ideological, identity and territorial demarcation lines that have been running through the country since independence and which are now reflected within Hirak.