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The article first measures the extent of crime in Brazil, to be taken into account in all issues of social, economic, educational and even environmental development of the world’s eighth economy. Then he looks for the institutional roots of the security failure, multiple socio-economic, racial, regional, geographic, demographic and cultural factors explain the astonishing violence encountered in Brazil. Moreover, the bankruptcy of the prison system made it a supplier of faction soldiers. The rise to power of Jair Bolsonaro, whose fight against insecurity was one of the main campaign promises, was marked by relative successes, challenged by the health crisis, but some notes of hope can be noted.