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The article aims at studying the Francophonie in the light of the post-communist transition. The objective is to develop a different approach in opposition to the common quantitative one of measuring the impact of the Francophonie by the number of students, approach that focuses on its relations with the strategic problems of the respective countries. The prism is more the one of democratization rather than of cultural diversity.The article is structured in three parts. The first analyses the voluntarism (in the positive sense) and the incoherence of the politics of adherence to the Francophonie, the second studies the new expressions and the last one – the emerging actors of the civil society replacing the State in the realisation of the local Francophonie.