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In people’s minds the “Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions” is often considered as stemming from the “Unesco Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity” and the events of 9/11. The key points of the Convention should not be seen in this light only, but also in relation to the growing importance of cultural issues since the end of World War Two. The key points constitute a watershed, insofar as they no longer obey the traditional logic of the Nation-State. This is both their strength and their weakness, for their implementation depends entirely on the will of the States.