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Since the ratification by UNESCO of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, its implementation has come up against changes in the center-to-periphery model that governed its development. The current situation reflects a conflict between an identity-driven logic and the economic temptations of globalization, as well as complex migratory trends. All the world’s societies are becoming increasingly multi-cultural, opening up new fields for both researchers and policy-makers.