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As well as French, its “official language,” Burkina Faso has about 60 local languages that are referred to as “national languages.” Despite legislation in favor of language equality, there is, in practice, a distinct hierarchy that has enshrined the domination of French over other languages. In this multilingual context, it might have been expected that translation would help to preserve the country’s linguistic and cultural diversity, and even to enrich its national languages. However, our analysis of literary and audio-visual translations shows that the translating directions reflect the existing hierarchy between languages. Translations between European languages are by far the most common, especially between French and English. There is no translation at all between the national languages. In the audiovisual field, especially in films, sub-titles are always translated from national languages into European languages. Without language or translation policies, translation cannot play its part in promoting languages and preserving cultural diversity.