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While the relationship between the sensory organs and human cognition is obvious, it is nonetheless governed by a series of processes that are referred to as “attentional.” These serve at least three purposes. The first is to “filter out,” in other words to select information so that only some of it enters the cognitive system. The second, “factoring in,” serves on the contrary to enhance the performance of the perceptive system in order to acquire information that would otherwise have been unnoticed. The third, unlike the first two, does not focus on objective information from the environment but rather produces enrichments, distortions or substitutions that help to construct that environment. This is the sphere of completion, but also of illusion, sometimes even of dreams, mirage or fantasy, all within a mind that, objectively, has perceived something that did not exist. This debate paves the way for the idea of positivist explanation or explanatory emergence phenomena and a growing enthusiasm for reductionist studies that attempt at once to locate cerebral processes and to produce computerized imitations of awareness of the world.